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Chapter V Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

large-scale implementation.With advancing technological progress and increasing policy
support, CCUS is expected to play an even more significant role in global efforts to combat
climate change.

Section 3 National-Level EmissionReduction Policiesand
Action Plans

I. Formulation of National EmissionReduction Policiesand Target
Setting

Within the grand strategic landscape of global collective action against climate change,
the formulation of national emissionreduction policiesand goal setting constitutes a cruci-
aland centralcomponent. This process is not conducted in isolation but requires nations to
establish a scientifically sound and practically feasible emissionreduction policyframework
by deeply understanding their developmental needs while aligning with solemn international
commitments. This system not only determines countries’ sustainable development prospects
but also profoundly impacts the effectiveness of global climate governance.
(1) Policy considerationsbased on national development needs
For countries in the early stages of industrialization, industry, particularly heavy and
chemical industries, occupies a dominant position in the national economic system. These
industries typically exhibit significant characteristics of high energy consumption and high
emissions, with their energy supply primarily relying on traditional fossil fuels like coal and
petroleum. Taking some developing countries as examples, there are numerous heavy and
chemical industrial enterprises in sectors such as steel, cement, and chemical production.
These enterprises burn large amounts of fossil fuels during production processes, emitting
substantial greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, along with other pollut-
ants. Under these circumstances, emissionreduction policiesThe formulation of policies must
fully confront the tremendous challenges of industrial transformation and the complexity/
difficulty of energy structure adjustment. At the policy design level, promoting industrial
upgrading should be established as one of the core objectives. Governments can implement a
series of industrial support policies to encourage traditional industrial enterprises to actively
adopt advanced energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies. For example, providing
special funding subsidies for enterprise technological upgrades to support the adoption of
high-efficiency waste heat recovery systems that convert industrial waste heat into usable
energy, thereby reducing energy consumption; promoting advanced desulfurization, denitrifi-
cation, and dust removal equipment to decrease pollutant emissions. Simultaneously, admin-
istrative and market mechanisms should be employed to gradually phase out backward pro-
duction capacities with high energy consumption and heavy pollution, creating development
space for emerging green industries.

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