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Chapter V Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

through measures like constructing large-scale wind farms, solar power stations, and hydro-
power projects, we can gradually increase the proportion of renewable energy in the overall
energy consumption structure. Simultaneously, we can steadily reduce reliance on high-car-
bon emission fossil fuels, thereby ensuring that strategic actions in the energy sector progress
orderly along a scientific trajectory.
2.Principle of Equity
The Principle of Equity occupies an indispensable and significant position in long-term
climate change mitigation strategies, profoundly reflecting the complex realities and differ-
entiated responsibilities among nations globally in addressing climate change issues. There
exist substantial disparities among countries worldwide in terms of historical emissions, lev-
els of economic development, and response capabilities, which constitute the realistic foun-
dation for the Principle of Equity.
From a historical emissions perspective, developed countries achieved rapid economic
growth through large-scale fossil energy consumption during their centuries-long industri-
alization process, but simultaneously emitted massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere. According to statistics, developed countries account for a significant proportion
of global cumulative greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, thus bearing
primary responsibility for current climate change. Meanwhile, through long-term develop-
mental accumulation, developed countries possess robust economic strength and advanced
technological capabilities, endowing them with greater capacity to address climate change.
They have abundant financial resources for developing and promoting advanced energy-sav-
ing and emission-reduction technologies, constructing efficient energy infrastructure, and
implementing large-scale ecological conservation projects.
In contrast, developing countries have historically contributed relatively less to green-
house gas emissions, primarily due to their later initiation of industrialization processes and
prolonged lower levels of economic development. However, numerous developing nations
are currently confronted with a series of urgent and formidable tasks, most notably vigorous-
ly developing their economies to improve citizens’ living standards, and making full efforts
to eliminate poverty while creating better living conditions for their populations. In this
process, developing countries need to allocate substantial resources to infrastructure con-
struction, industrial development, and social program advancement, which leaves them with
relatively limited resources and weaker capacity to address climate change challenges.
In light of the aforementioned realities, long-term climate change mitigation strategies
must fully embody the principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities”. This
means that while all nations have the obligation to participate in global climate action, devel-
oped countries should take the lead in assuming greater emission reduction responsibilities.
Developed nations should not only implement more aggressive domestic emission reduction
measures to significantly reduce their own greenhouse gas emissions, but also provide sub-
stantial and effective support to developing countries in terms of funding, technology, and

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