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Chapter V Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

II. Technology Development Roadmap in Climate Change Mitigation
Strategies

In the grand strategy of long-term commitment to mitigating climate change, scientif-
ically planning the development pathways for low-carbon technologies undoubtedly con-
stitutes the core mission and pivotal breakthrough for achieving global emission reduction
targets and guiding human society steadily toward the low-carbon economy era. The ad-
vancement pace of research and development, along with the breadth and depth of deploy-
ment for low-carbon technologies typically represented by renewable energy and carbon cap-
ture and storage, will largely determine the ultimate effectiveness of humanity’s protracted
battle against climate change, profoundly influencing the future trajectory of Earth’s ecologi-
cal environment and the sustainable development prospects of human society.R&D progress
(1) Renewable Energy Technology Development Roadmap
[1] Solar Energy Technology
As a clean, renewable, and inexhaustible energy source, solar energy occupies a pivotal
core position in the process of mitigating climate change. From the perspective of short-term
development planning, the primary tasks are to improve the conversion efficiency of existing
crystalline silicon solar cells and reduce their manufacturing costs. Crystalline silicon solar
cells currently dominate the solar power generation market, yet there remains significant
room for improvement in their conversion efficiency. Researchers are striving to achieve this
goal through comprehensive optimization of battery materials and manufacturing processes.
In terms of materials,Developing newof light-absorbing layer materials to enhance sunlight
absorption capabilities, while exploring higher-quality electrode materials to reduce energy
losses during electron transport, thereby improving the solar-to-electric energy conversion
ratio. In manufacturing processes, continuous optimization of silicon purification procedures
is being pursued through advanced purification technologies to reduce impurity content in
silicon materials, enhance their purity, and consequently boost battery performance. Simul-
taneously, efforts are made to streamline production processes by introducing automated and
intelligent manufacturing equipment, minimizing manual intervention, improving production
efficiency, and reducing manufacturing costs. These initiatives aim to make solar power gen-
eration costs competitive with traditional energy sources, ultimately enhancing the competi-
tiveness of solar energy in the energy market.
From a mid-term development perspective, vigorously promoting new types of solar
cells such as perovskite solar cells has become a crucial initiative. Perovskite solar cells ex-
hibit significant advantages including low cost, simple manufacturing processes, and high
photoelectric conversion efficiency, garnering widespread attention in recent years. How-
ever, this technology still faces critical challenges such as stability and lifespan issues. To
overcome these obstacles, increased investment in fundamental research on perovskite solar
cells is required. On one front, in-depth studies on the crystal structure of perovskite materi-
als, their electronic properties, and interfacial interactions with other materials are needed to

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