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Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

enhance stability through material modification and interface engineering. On another front,
optimization of cell encapsulation processes using superior packaging materials can isolate
the cells from external environmental influences and extend their operational lifespan. With
the deepening of these studies and technological breakthroughs, perovskite solar cells will
gradually transition from laboratory settings to commercial applications, capturing a larger
market share in solar power generation and injecting new vitality into global solar energy
initiatives.
From a long-termdevelopment vision perspective, the exploration of space-based so-
lar power generation technology holds revolutionary significance. The Earth’s surface is
subject to various limitations such as day-night cycles, weather changes, and geographical
conditions, which impose constraints on solar energy harvesting. In contrast, the space envi-
ronment offers abundant and stable solar energy resources, unaffected by these factors. The
concept of space-based solar power generation envisions deploying large solar collection
satellites in Earth’s orbit, utilizing solar panels on the satellites to harvest solar energy and
convert it into electrical power. This energy would then be transmitted via wireless power
transmission technology, using microwaves or lasersto beam it back toEarth, where ground-
based receiving stations would captureand convert it into usable electricity. Once realized,
this technology would fundamentally transform the global energy supply landscape, provid-
ing humanity with a continuous stream of clean energy, significantly increasing solar ener-
gy’s proportion in the global energy mix, and making substantial contributions to mitigating
climate change.
2.Wind Energy Technology
As another crucial renewable energy source, wind energy’s technological development
is equally indispensable for achieving low-carbon transition. In the short term, optimizing
existing onshore wind power technologies and enhancing the single-unit capacity and power
generation efficiency of wind turbines remain primary focuses. With the continuous advance-
ment of wind power technology, the single-unit capacity of wind turbines has been gradually
increasing. Developing larger-sized and higher-strength wind turbine blades stands as one
of the key measures to enhance single-unit capacity and generation efficiency. Larger blades
can sweep broader areas to capture more wind energy, thereby increasing power output.
Meanwhile, using high-strength lightweight materials like carbon fiber composites for blade
manufacturing ensures structural stability under strong wind conditions while reducing blade
weight and lowering turbine operating energy consumption. Additionally, improving turbine
control systems serves as another vital approach to enhance generation efficiency. By imple-
menting advanced sensors and intelligent control algorithms, turbines can real-time monitor
environmental parameters like wind speed and direction, automatically adjusting blade an-
gles and rotation speeds to achieve optimal wind energy capture and generation efficiency.
This enables turbines to better adapt to varying wind speeds and terrain conditions, improv-
ing power generation stability and reliability.

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